Recently, Louis Pangaro received the 2018 National Board of Medical Examiners Hubbard award. Lou is known for his work developing conceptual frameworks for assessment and developed the RIME framework for clinical assessment of learners in medical education. As Lou is one of the course directors for our ‘Systems Approach to Assessment in Health Professions Education’ course, and a leader in medical education assessment of learners, we thought we’d ask him to explain the RIME Framework, and how it came to be.